20 Apr. 1945

Information/Summary by Teixeira Branquinho describing the procedures and organization set up in Budapest to support Portugal’s protection of the Jews in Hungary.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 47, M 157)

1945

Translation of a few excerpts from a letter received from Count Poncgraz to whom Jules Gulden entrusted the Portuguese Legation in Budapest, recounting the attack on the Legation by the SS on 1 January 1945 and the kidnapping of the Jewish refugees.

(AHO – 2º P., A. 47, M 157)

1944

“Mission to Budapest”, a report by Teixeira Branquinho, describing the situation on the date of his departure from Budapest.

(AHD – Collection of Reports and Monographs)

18 Dec. 1944

Letter from Jules Gulden, former vice-consul of Portugal in Budapest, in charge of daily affairs at the Portuguese Legation in Hungary, addressed from Geneva, recounting his departure from Hungary and the situation of the Jews protected by the Portuguese government.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

12 Dec. 1944

Telegram nº 321 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin saying that two Jewish children bearing Portuguese passports, children of a Legation employee, had been arrested and giving instructions to obtain from the German Foreign Ministry the assurance of the interest of the German Minister In Budapest in this case.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Berlin)

4 Nov. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 299 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin explaining the real situation.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Bern)

4 Nov. 1944

Telegram nº 347 from the Portuguese Legation in Berlin communicating start of talks with the German Foreign Ministry on the situation of the Hungarian Jews protect by the Portuguese Legation in Budapest, revealing German counter-information and unawareness of Count Tovar, Portuguese Minister in Berlin.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Berlin)

31 Oct. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 298 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin clarifying that although steps had been taken in Budapest regarding procedures vis-a-vis Jews in general “together with the Nuncio and other neutrals”, “steps taken by each on behalf of its protégés and passports have been on an individual basis. Joint action step recommended in mine 295 would not suit us as some might exceed the limits of prudence and others fall short”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Berlin)

31 Oct. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 298 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin clarifying that although steps had been taken in Budapest regarding procedures vis-a-vis Jews in general “together with the Nuncio and other neutrals”, “steps taken by each on behalf of its protégés and passports have been on an individual basis. Joint action step recommended in mine 295 would not suit us as some might exceed the limits of prudence and others fall short”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Berlin)

30 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 295 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin communicating the departure from Budapest of the Portuguese Charge d’affaires and instructing Legation to reiterate need to ensure respect for Portuguese passports issued to Jews in Budapest and accentuate repercussions on Luso-German relations any persecution our protected persons as we will hold occupying power responsible for all measures taken”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Berlin)

29 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 204 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE in which the Charge d’affaires communicates his departure from Budapest “in two diplomatic vehicles to Bregenz, Swiss border, with my wife, Mr. and Mrs. Gabor, Mrs. Tillmann and her daughter Agnes, Mr. Paulo Szasz and the driver, Victor Smick… please inform the Portuguese Minister in Bern of this telegram and say that Dr. Egry did not need a Swiss visa, Mr. Wertheimstein will await said visa in Buchs and the remaining refugees, Oscar, Rudolf and Rosa Guttmann hope that granting of transit visa Switzerland will be telegraphed urgently Swiss Legation Budapest.

(AHD – Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

27 Oct. 1944

Aide-Mémoire from the Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary releasing the 698 Jews bearing provisional Portuguese passports and detailing the conditions of their emigration.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

27 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 68 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Bern instructing the Minister in that capital to act so that German visas are granted for transit to the Swiss border for group of refugees sheltered in Budapest Legation.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

26 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 198 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest communicating that German visas were obtained in the Portuguese passports of nine refugees living in the Portuguese Legation since June.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

25 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 191 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest communicating the imminent deportation of thousands of Jews in forced marches to Vienna, informing that among the condemned are some bearers of provisional Portuguese passports.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

24 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 188 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest reporting conversation with Hungarian Foreign Minister on persecuted refugee’s bearers of Portuguese passports, during which the latter had declared that concessions in this regards were linked to recognition of the new Hungarian government.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

24 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 187 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest on the question of the recognition of the new Hungarian government which the Charge d’affaires considers of dubious legitimacy but with whom he is forced to deal “to try and save the lives of a few hundred Jews bearers of provisional Portuguese passports”.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

23 Oct. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 286 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin conveying instructions that legal arguments should not be used in representations to the German government to ensure that Portuguese passports granted to the Jews in Hungary should be respected: “persecution Semite elements Hungary has obeyed political purposes and hatred that only concern for subsequent reaction may possibly alter slightly. This is what appears to have happened perhaps following protests by neutrals and forceful note written by Apostolic Nuncio and representatives neutral powers… Our aim to lessen as we cannot prevent consequences persecution regarding all those chose Portuguese shelter. The desire that this be expressed to occupying power is all the greater as our Charge d’affaires Budapest has been recalled to Lisbon to inform situation in that country where from here it looks as if any government with constitutional or even national characteristics seems to have disappeared”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Berlin)

22 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 85 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest authorizing its request for creation of a Portuguese Red Cross Section in the Legation to “ensure insofar as possible assistance our protégés following your departure”.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

22 Oct. 1944

Coming from the Lisbon daily Diário da Manhã of a note from the Hungarian Legation declaring that it remains loyal to Regent Horthy.
(enlarged)

(AHD – 2º P., A. 47, M 112)

22 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 84 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest instructing the Charge d’affaires “to without delay for Portugal communicating only to government that had been recalled by own government inform of events occurred. Better to make clear as already been said there and we have said in Berlin we wish to believe that due protection of Portuguese passports and persons sheltered Portuguese Legation house will be assured”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Budapest)

20 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 178 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest on the appointment of new government and the situation of Jews; the new Prime Minister Szalasi announces on the radio that no type of foreign protection of Jews would be tolerated and that passports already given would not be respected.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

18 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 283 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin informing that the German Legation in Budapest does not recognize the protection of Portuguese passports granted to Jews in Hungary and saying that steps should be taken with the German government to change this attitude.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112; Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Berlin)

18 Oct. 1944

Telegram nº 176 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE about the German authorities’ disregard for “provisional foreign passports, mainly Swedish and Portuguese”, granted to Hungarian Jews and requesting steps to be taken in Berlin.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

5 Sept. 1944

Note from the Jews of Budapest addressed to the Portuguese Legation and the other representations of neutral countries, except Turkey, and also to the Committee of the International Red Cross calling attention to the Hungarian program to transfer Jews from Budapest to labor camps.
(Document delivered personally by Teixeira Branquinho, Portuguese Charge d’affaires in Budapest, to the Secretary General of the Foreign Ministry in November 1944)

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

5 Sept. 1944

Telegram nº 143 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest on the differences between the Hungarian and the German authorities regarding persecution of the Jews and the threat of total extermination by the Germans before they retreat from the country “by shooting them if necessary”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

26 Aug. 1944

Telegram nº 138 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest in which the Charge d’affaires informs that he issued 200 passports without mentioning nationality and requesting permission to issue a further 400 provisional Portuguese passports to about 400 Jewish families

(1 200 people) going to Palestine; the Charge d’affaires highlights: “all protected persons signed undertaking of honor filed in Legation Archives where they acknowledge they have no rights Portuguese nationality and undertake never to invoke said protection from the Portuguese Government to request it”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

23 Aug. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 137 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest on the situation in Hungary, namely the siege of Budapest by German troops and forecast the start of Jewish deportations.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

21 Aug. 1944

Copy of Note from the representatives of the countries in Budapest to the Royal Hungarian Ministry Foreign Affairs protesting against the deportation of Jews from Hungary, saying that said representatives have informed – from absolutely reliable sources – of the meaning of the deportation in most cases, even disguised under the name of labor camp abroad, adding that further deportations would be the finishing blow against Hungary’s reputation in those countries.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

19 Aug. 1944

American Note to the MNE requesting the support of neutral countries for refugees in Hungary and stating that the US will be responsible for their destination.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

15 Aug. 1944

Letter from the “Federation of Hungarian Jews” signed by Otto Komoly, appealing for help from the Portuguese Government by authorizing the entry into Portugal of the Jews resident in Hungary who can be channeled to Palestine. Attached is a telegram from the Jewish Agency in Lisbon to Otto Komoly and its translation.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

15 Aug. 1944

Telegram nº 64 to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest authorizing the concession of provisional Portuguese passports on humanitarian grounds with the reservation that “it does not appear that we should accept numbers on the lines mentioned by you regarding other countries as in addition refugees our Legation certainly only a very small number may legitimately claim direct links Portugal and Brazil”.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

14 Aug. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 132 from the Legation in Budapest on the situation of the Jews under foreign protection: “Currently Hungarian authorities only accept foreign protection Hungarian Semites on exhibition of any type of passport protector country… Problem therefore implies responsibility whose future consequences cannot be foreseen and which admit possibility of Hungarian government justly demanding one day to next that such Semites depart for protector country. Swedish Minister does not believe that German authorities will allow them to leave …he received instructions to maintain attitude so far. Has even raised the number of people protected by his Legation from 700 to 3 000… Swiss Minister preparing departure of about 30 000 Semites to Palestine Switzerland and other countries. Nunciature has worked to ensure that baptized are not deported Germany promising German authorities to consent to intern in Hungarian camps those baptized before August 1941. All neutral Legations have taken in exiles”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

12 Aug. 1944

Telegram nº 243 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Berlin with instructions that the German should be asked to convey to its Minister in Budapest necessary instructions to grant facilities to our Charge d’affaires in that city “regarding the protection of people of Semite origin to whom we have taken an interest … they are refugees at the Legation”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to Berlin)

12 Aug. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 131 from the Legation in Budapest in which the Charge d’affaires requests permission to grant diplomatic asylum in his private residence to some people “of category” who had begged him, and Telegram nº 62 from the MNE (in reply) to Legation in Budapest saying “We wish to be but not to the extent where excessive magnanimity endanger cause of those already at issue”, and daring that it is not advisable to Increase the number of immune apartments.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams to and Budapest)

10 Aug. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 129 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest, reporting conversation with Councilor of the German Legation in which latter suggested that all matters pertaining to Jews should be handled by him and not by the Hungarian government; following this the Portuguese Charge d’affaires requested Lisbon to support his efforts with representations in Berlin.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection Telegrams from Budapest)

7 Aug. 1944

Telegram nº 58 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest supporting the suggestion of the Portuguese Legation to follow the Swedish Minister and emphasizing that efforts must be made to save as many refugees as possible, saying that “in a situation such as you describe our effort must be to save as many as possible of those who took refuge with us as possible”…

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

7 Aug. 1944

Telegram nº 126 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest informing that Swedish Minister “Is attempting to save great number of Hungarian Semites who are in any way connected with Sweden, that is with family, relations or intellectual or commercial interests their country. Has already presented… about 700 Swedish passports without indication of nationality and explained to me that only 100 persons will actually be going to Sweden. Remainder, whose number he intends to raise even further will be interned in different houses which will figure not as outposts of the Swedish Legation but as being under its protection…I believe that this Legation should act similarly as in current circumstances only diplomatic asylum is efficient protection”. He makes it clear that all costs will be borne by the benefited people.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

6 Aug. 1944

Telegram nº 125 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE saying “racial problem enters critical stage. German authorities will only allow Hungary Semites benefited by measures mentioned in my tel. 116, if Hungarian Government encourages deportation of the remainder to labor camp in Germany. Such imposition led Hungarian Government to greatly multiply number of benefited persons, some of whom will emigrate mainly to Palestine and another part will form part of concentration camp in Hungary”.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

[undated]

Confidential information on the situation of the Jews in Hungary at the start of August 1944, and note on the situation of the Jews in Hungary before 19 March 1944, and Memorandum addressed to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest on the situation of the Jews in Hungary, of the actions of the diplomatic representatives of the neutral countries and of the International Red Cross to protect Jews, suggesting a number of concrete measures and assuring that rescue expenses would be borne by the Jewish community.
(Documents delivered personally by Teixeira Branquinho, Portuguese Charge d’affaires in Budapest, to the General Secretary of the NME, in November 1944; it is believed that these documents were part of an awareness campaign carried out by the Jewish organization led by Otto Komoly, for the representatives of neutral countries and the International Red Cross in Budapest)

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

30 Jul. 1944

Telegram nº 117 from the Portuguese Legation Budapest on the difficulties raised by the Hungarian German authorities concerning the departure of sheltered at the Legation.

(AHD – R.N.P, 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

28 Jul. 1944

Telegram nº 116 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest concerning the circular note distributed by the Hungarian Foreign Ministry informing that at the request of the Swedish Red Cross, the Palestine Emigration Board and the War Refugee Board, the Hungarian government had taken several measures to reduce the number or soften the treatment of Jews covered by anti-Jewish legislation, ending “according reserved information collected in official circles about 10 000 Jews will benefit. There are 300 000 Jews in Budapest. There are no signs of any in the provinces and it is said that the Jewish cleansing in this capital, provisionally suspended, or at least abated, will recommence shortly”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

26 Jul. 1944

Letter from André Wadianer, former Hungarian Minister in Lisbon, communicating a protest made by the Committee of Hungarian Ministers against the illegal government in Budapest and the persecution of the Jews.

(AHD – 2º P. A. 47, M 157)

25 Jul. 1944

Personal telegram from the Secretary General of the MNE to the Portuguese Minister in Bern asking him to speak with Minister Sampaio Garrido to remind him “concessions to too many refugees made without previous consultation or later communication to Portuguese government, thus made responsible by Minister. Only after incident violation of his house did we know here what really happened. Nevertheless this Ministry has from the beginning endeavored to the utmost to obtain exit refugees and Charge d’affaires has instructions accordingly and has taken proper steps which I have supported with Hungarian representative Lisbon. However it is inconvenient and impossible for actions Portuguese Legation Budapest to be directed by instructions or suggestions from Bern… if he has any he should send them here”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Bern)

15 Jul. 1944

Telegram nº 42 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest authorizing the concession of Portuguese consular passports to the refugees who sought the protection of the Portuguese government and recommending that any document addressed to the German Minister “should carefully avoid naming nationalities and any allusion to refuge Legation which must be replaced by a vaguer formula such as “requested protection Portuguese Government to go to Portuguese territory”; this telegram also orders that the Charge d’affaires “should not imply that we have undertaken accept new [Hungarian) Minister

(in Lisbon) in exchange departure refugees, totally separate issues”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

12 Jul. 1944

Telegram nº 39 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest authorizing the concession of asylum to Madame Kende, grandmother of the wife of an American senator, on the recommendation of Minister Sampaio Garrido.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

12 Jul. 1944

Telegram nº 38 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest informing that the Hungarian Charge d’affaires in Lisbon had been called to the MNE and that the Secretary General had told him that the steps taken by the Portuguese Charge d’affaires in Budapest on behalf of the refugees Represented not only the Portuguese Legation’s personal interest but also that of the Portuguese government in a matter it is thus supporting·

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

7 Jul. 1944

Personal telegram from the Secretary General of the MNE to Minister Sampaio Garrido (in Bern) informing him that the instructions he is sending directly to the Legation in Budapest will only “disturb procedure Charge d’affaires who has shown zeal and must execute direct instructions Government’.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Bern)

5 Jul. 1944

Telegram nº 93 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest with details of the Hungarian Government’s anti-Jewish activities, ending: “these humiliations are followed by deportation extermination place unknown already made provinces and suburbs Budapest, it being said that before end of current month deportation this capital will be completed”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

28 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 88 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE communicating reactivation of American air raids, interpreted by the Hungarian government as reprisals for deportation of Jews “now under full preparation in this capital”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

27 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 23 from Sampaio Garrido in Bern to Secretary General of the MNE saying that he awaits German authorization to cross France to return to Portugal and about the situation in Hungary: “I am sure Charge d’affaires has already informed you good will Prime Minister but I doubt successful outcome without intervention of Portuguese government with the German government…The lives of refugees whose situation is becoming increasingly tormented depends on your good will and decisive influence”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Bern)

26 Jun. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 35 from the MNE to Portuguese Legation in Budapest with additional general order instructions about refugees: “one point you must not miss is that although we desire to save as many lives possible and ease the suffering people guilty only of racial or political charges, we must not extend our protection to such an extent that instead of benefiting some with endanger others and the very principle of diplomatic asylum and the protection we have granted”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

25 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 82 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE referring to a note from the Hungarian Foreign Ministry inviting the Legation to repatriate all Portuguese Jews before the end of the month; the telegram also says that none is registered at the Portuguese Consulate in Budapest and proposes treating some of the protégés at the Legation as Portuguese Jews.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

24 Jun. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 79 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE communicating that the Papal Nuncio informed he had handed in to the Hungarian Government “with absolutely no result, two notes of protest against inhuman persecution of Jews”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

21 Jun. 1944

Personal telegram from the Secretary General of the MNE to the Portuguese Minister in Bern requesting him to tell Minister Sampaio Garrido that the Portuguese Charge d’affaires in Budapest has instructions to protect and facilitate in so far as possible the departure of the refugees in the Legation in Hungary.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Bern)

21 Jun. 1944

Personal telegram from the Portuguese Minister in Bern conveying the following telegram from Sampaio Garrido to the Secretary General of the MNE: “I appeal to your kindness requesting issue of consular passports refugees Legation who have necessary means for upkeep in Portugal. Warm regards”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Bern)

20 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 31 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest: “our guideline continues to be to save people who for reasons of political persecution took refuge in Portuguese Legation… [If] at all possible obtain departure refugees with group Argentine mission I authorize issue of collective or individual consular passports to enter Portugal, without nevertheless attributing Portuguese nationality in such documents”.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

19 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 73 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE on the possibility of some of the refugees under the protection of the Legation leaving as part of scheduled evacuation of the Argentine mission pondering on the convenience of granting passports “with the exclusive aim of helping refugees leave Hungary, validity of passports expiring validity on arrival in Portugal”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

16 Jun. 1944

Confidential telegram nº 69 from the Portuguese Legation Budapest to the MNE informing of the worsening situation of the Jewish persecution, in particular in the countryside and of the inhuman way Jews are deported to Germany.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

15 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 29 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest authorizing the concession of asylum to Jewish refugees in the Legation house in Galgagyoerk, and ordering a full list of refugees, nationality and quality to be sent by telegram to the MNE.

(AHD – R.N.P., 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

5 Jun. 1944

Telegram nº 62 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest informing the MNE of the departure of Minister Sampaio Garrido to Portugal via Switzerland.

(From that date onwards Charge d’affaires, Teixeira Branquinho, takes over at Legation)
(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

May/Jun. 1944

Report on the Birkenau and Auschwitz concentration camps.
(Document delivered personally by Teixeira Branquinho, Portuguese Charge d’affaires in Budapest, to the Secretary General of the Foreign Ministry in November 1944)

(AHD – 2º P., A. 49, M 112)

11 May 1944

Telegram nº 22 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation In Budapest saying “if for humanitarian reasons which the Portuguese Government has no wish to ignore asylum was given to political refugees or those in danger due to racial motives you should have requested instructions from the Ministry concerning a fact that involves responsibilities for the Portuguese government and to enable us to act if necessary. [Telegram] nº 49 implies that there are people under such conditions and others possibly guests only of the Legation. Distinction between them must be clearly made. Charge d’affaires shall maintain asylum of real political refugees until government fully aware of the case can give precise and definite instructions”.

(AHD – Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

10 May 1944

Telegram nº 49 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest with information about the “12 persons lodged in Legation house Galgagyoerk are all Catholic although some of Jewish extraction. Of these people who have taken refuge on account of air raids and political persecution are one member Hungarian High Chamber, one Hungarian Minister Plenipotentiary, one nephew Hungarian Minister in Japan and one sister-in-law Baron Rothschild from London. You should know that other Legations neutral countries are proceeding in like fashion”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

10 May 1944

Telegram nº 46 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest communicating that an insulting note against Minister Sampaio Garrido had been published on the press, motivated by the note of protest presented following the invasion of the Legation; the telegram suggests that the German Minister in Lisbon be apprised of the assault against the Portuguese Legation in Hungary and ends with the information that “under the terms of anti-Semi measures increasingly more horrendous atrocities being committed. Crimes multiply every day against Jews against noblemen and Christians”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

6 May 1944

Telegram nº 20 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest saying that “the Government regrets disturbances Legation about which it cannot in any case judge correctly without knowing what appears not to have been said by you concerning category and other identifying characteristics of persons guests or refugees Legation. Possibly disrespect connected with such fact… Current conditions recall determination no visa be granted without authorization Ministry”.

(AHD – Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

6 May 1944

Telegram nº 44 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest recounting “serious occurrence: Gestapo agents or Hungarian police broke in five a.m. 28 April country house where Legation recently installed on account of air raids… gang purported criminals took prisoner guests of Legation and when these said… they wished to return Legation were not allowed and forced to go to central police station Budapest. I strongly opposed such detention and after a few hours managed to have some of the people released. Same day occurrence sent Prime Minister a solemn indignant protest revolting attempt principle extra­ territoriality”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

23 Apr. 1944

Telegram nº 14 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest assessing the political and military situation in Hungary and theorizing on diplomatic reciprocity in general and on the Hungarian case, “in any case unfolding of events arrival German troops constitution new Government do not appear to have obeyed any rules and so we maintain our decision to recall you to Lisbon to inform Government, sending Secretary to remain in charge of Legation… Representation by a Secretary Charge d’affaires marks the current reduction in independence Hungarian state” and indicating the intention to maintain Hungarian representation in Lisbon equally on the level of Charge d’affaires.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

15–17 Apr. 1944

Report from the Hungarian Legation in Lisbon about events that took place in Hungary between 19 and 23 March 1944, describing in detail the meeting between Horthy and Hitler and a note from the same Legation contesting the legality of the Sztojay Government installed by the Germans.

(AHD – 2º P., A. 47, M 157)

11 Apr. 1944

Telegram nº 27 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest communicating rental of a house for the Legation in Galgagyoerk, 50 km from Budapest informing that ”hundreds of people from countries represented here come to the Consulate every requesting our Consul’s protection. I will continue refuse it unless otherwise instructed by you… All this the political persecution and the Jewish question seriously worsens the situation. I know from people at Foreign Ministry to whom I said I was going to Lisbon for talks and leave have interpreted this as a sign of an interruption in diplomatic relations with the current government, if I am not replaced by a Secretary. As I am sure you do not wish this impression to continue I have stated that I await arrival of Secretary with the position of Charge d’affaires”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

5 Apr. 1944

Telegram nº 24 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest informing about air raids on the capital and the publication of “decrees under which individuals of the Jewish race shall be harassed, persecuted and stripped of their property”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

28 Mar. 1944

Telegram nº 10 from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest recalling the Portuguese Minister to Portugal without delay.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

28 Mar. 1944

Telegram nº 20 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest to the MNE explaining that constitutional deficiencies of new government may be overcome by manipulation of exceptional laws applicable in times of war, namely as regards the Jewish question.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

24 Mar. 1944

Telegrams nº 8 and 9 sent from the MNE to the Portuguese Legation in Budapest asking: 1. whether the new government was constitutionally appointed by the Regent; 2. on the impressions and attitudes of neutral diplomatic representatives; and 3. ordering the Portuguese Minister to “act with the maximum prudence and reserve vis-a-vis the new government until we can judge if it’s a lawful or merely a de facto government”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams to Budapest)

24 Mar. 1944

Telegram nº 19 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest Informing on the constitution of the new Hungarian Government headed by Sztojay, former Hungarian Ambassador to Berlin, pro-German, with members of the far right and National Socialists, saying that the “Gestapo are involved in political persecutions arresting people of repute and even Members Parliament”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

20 Mar. 1944

Telegram nº 17 from the Portuguese Legation in Budapest informing of the German occupation of Hungary: “…German contingent encountered no resistance crossed Hungarian border to Budapest. Horthy to Germany”.

(AHD – Cipher, Collection of Telegrams from Budapest)

Documents